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Category 1

Interest-producing investments

You lend money and receive interest — from a bank deposit all the way out to a private note.

Mechanism: Interest from lending You lend money and are paid interest for the use of it.

Read this first
Everything in this category pays interest, but the safety net behind that interest varies enormously. A bank deposit is insured by the FDIC up to the standard federal limit, a Treasury is an obligation of the US government, an agency debenture is the promise of a chartered company, and a private note is backed only by the borrower and whatever collateral secured it. The rate on offer is largely the market's price for that difference, and for how long you agree to wait.

Everything in this category is paid the same way, so what separates one page from the next is the wrapper rather than where the money comes from: how much it takes to start, how quickly you could turn it back into cash, who does the work, how it is taxed, and how it fails. The line on each card says whether the income keeps arriving once it is set up or whether somebody has to keep working for it. If the mechanism itself is new to you, the course spends a whole lesson on it and is a shorter way in than any single page here.

High-Yield Savings Accounts

A bank or credit-union deposit account that pays interest on idle cash at a rate the bank can change on any given day.

Truly passive · Immediate; one to three business days for an outbound ACH transfer Read →

Money-Market Accounts and Funds

Two different things with similar names: an insured bank deposit account, and a mutual fund that buys very short-term debt and passes the interest through.

Truly passive · Same day to next business day; deposit accounts are on demand Read →

Certificates of Deposit

A time deposit: you agree to leave money at a bank for a fixed term, and the bank fixes the interest rate for that whole term.

Truly passive · Locked for the term; break a bank CD for a penalty, or sell a brokered CD at market price Read →

Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds

Direct loans to the US federal government, sold at auction, paying either a discount at maturity or a fixed coupon twice a year.

Truly passive · Sellable any business day in the deepest bond market there is, at the prevailing price Read →

Municipal Bonds

Loans to states, cities, school districts and public authorities, where the interest is normally exempt from federal income tax.

Truly passive · Sellable through a dealer, but the market is fragmented and small lots trade at a price concession Read →

Corporate Bonds

Loans to companies, documented by an indenture, paying a fixed coupon twice a year and ranking ahead of the company's stock in a bankruptcy.

Truly passive · Over-the-counter; good for large recent issues, poor for small seasoned ones, worst in a selloff Read →

Agency Bonds

Debt issued by government-sponsored enterprises and federal agencies — close to Treasury credit, usually a little more yield, often callable.

Truly passive · Over-the-counter and dealer-driven; fine for benchmark issues, poor for small structured notes Read →

Mortgage-Backed Securities

A share in a pool of home loans: borrowers make monthly payments, and the interest and principal are passed through to you.

Truly passive · Deep at institutional size in agency paper; thinner for retail lots and much thinner for non-agency deals Read →

Bond Mutual Funds and ETFs

A pooled portfolio of bonds that pays out the interest it collects, usually monthly, with no maturity date of its own.

Truly passive · Daily — intraday on exchange for ETFs, at the next NAV strike for mutual funds Read →

Private Credit Funds

Pooled vehicles that lend directly to companies instead of buying traded bonds, usually at a floating rate on senior secured loans.

Truly passive · Limited by design — quarterly capped repurchases, multi-year fund lives, or a daily exchange price at a possible discount for listed vehicles Read →

Direct Business Lending

Lending your own money to an operating business under a note you negotiate, rather than through a fund or a public market.

Semi-passive · Very low — committed until repayment, with no practical secondary market Read →

Peer-to-Peer Lending

Funding slices of consumer or small-business loans through an online platform that handles origination, servicing and collections.

Semi-passive · Poor; secondary markets are thin or absent, so the exit is to let the portfolio amortise over the loan terms Read →

Promissory Notes

The underlying instrument of private lending: a written promise to repay a stated sum with interest, on stated terms.

Semi-passive · Low — sellable to note buyers, but only at a discount to the outstanding balance Read →

Seller-Financed Loans

You sell an asset — usually property or a business — and act as the lender, collecting the purchase price in instalments with interest.

Semi-passive · Low; the note can be sold to a note buyer only at a discount Read →

Hard-Money Lending

Short-term loans secured by real estate, priced on the property's value rather than the borrower's income, usually with points plus a high interest rate.

Semi-passive · Illiquid for the loan term; whole loans can be assigned, fund investments face lock-ups and limited redemption windows Read →

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