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Category 2

Dividend & distribution investments

You own a slice of a business or fund, and it pays out part of the profits.

Mechanism: Distributions from ownership You own part of a business or fund and receive a share of the profits.

Read this first
A distribution from ownership is discretionary, not contractual. A board can cut or suspend a dividend at any meeting, and a fund can pay part of your own capital back to you and still call it a distribution. An unusually high quoted yield is frequently the market pricing in that outcome rather than a bargain, so read the payout's source and coverage before reading its size.

Everything in this category is paid the same way, so what separates one page from the next is the wrapper rather than where the money comes from: how much it takes to start, how quickly you could turn it back into cash, who does the work, how it is taxed, and how it fails. The line on each card says whether the income keeps arriving once it is set up or whether somebody has to keep working for it. If the mechanism itself is new to you, the course spends a whole lesson on it and is a shorter way in than any single page here.

Dividend-Paying Common Stocks

Shares in a company whose board chooses to hand some of the profits back to shareholders in cash, usually every quarter.

Truly passive · Immediate during US market hours; listed shares sell same-day with standard settlement Read →

Dividend-Growth Stocks

Companies that raise the payment year after year, so the income you collect on your original cost climbs even when the starting yield is modest.

Truly passive · Immediate during US market hours Read →

Preferred Stocks

A hybrid security that pays a set dividend ahead of the common shares, sits below the company's debt, and usually has no maturity date.

Truly passive · Sellable any market day, but individual series trade thinly and spreads widen when it matters most Read →

REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)

A company that owns income-producing property, is exempt from corporate tax if it distributes almost all of its taxable income, and trades like a stock.

Truly passive · Listed REITs sell immediately in market hours; non-traded REITs limit repurchases by quota and can suspend them Read →

Business Development Companies (BDCs)

A listed company that lends to mid-sized private businesses and must pay out almost all of the interest it collects, so the yield is high and the credit risk is yours.

Truly passive · Listed BDCs sell immediately in market hours; non-traded BDCs offer only capped periodic tender offers Read →

Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs)

Publicly traded partnerships, mostly in energy pipelines and storage, that pay large tax-deferred cash distributions and send a K-1 instead of a 1099.

Truly passive · Units trade immediately during market hours; the friction is tax reporting, not exit Read →

Closed-End Funds (CEFs)

An exchange-listed fund with a fixed share count, so the price can trade above or below the value of what it holds, and it can use leverage to raise the payout.

Truly passive · Immediate during market hours, but at a market price that can sit well below net asset value Read →

Income-Focused Mutual Funds

Open-end funds built to distribute cash — equity income, balanced and multi-asset income strategies — bought and sold with the fund itself at the day's net asset value.

Truly passive · Redeemable any business day at that day's closing net asset value; no intraday pricing Read →

Dividend ETFs

Exchange-traded funds that hold a rules-based basket of dividend payers and pass the payments through, usually quarterly, for a small expense ratio.

Truly passive · Immediate during market hours with standard settlement Read →

Covered-Call ETFs

A fund that owns stocks and systematically sells call options against them, then distributes the option premium monthly — trading away upside for cash today.

Truly passive · Immediate during market hours; the option positions are managed inside the fund Read →

Infrastructure Funds

Funds holding toll roads, pipelines, airports, water systems, towers and contracted power plants — assets with long contracts and often inflation-linked charges.

Truly passive · Listed funds sell same-day. Private funds lock capital for ten years or more with no redemption right; semi-liquid versions cap quarterly repurchases Read →

Utility Stocks

Shares in regulated electricity, gas and water companies that earn an approved return on the assets they build and distribute a large share of it as dividends.

Truly passive · Immediate during US market hours Read →

Royalty Trusts

A passive trust holding a share of the revenue from producing oil, gas or mineral properties, distributing whatever arrives and shrinking as the reserves deplete.

Truly passive · Units trade on an exchange, but volume is thin and spreads widen quickly on larger orders Read →

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