Legal

Terms of use

The agreement that governs use of this site: the basis on which it is published without being a registered adviser, the licence to read it, what may not be done with its data, the absence of any warranty, and the limits of our liability.

Last reviewed August 5, 2026.

Acceptance of these terms

By accessing or using this website you agree to these Terms of Use, the Privacy Policy and the Disclaimers, which are incorporated into them. If you do not agree, do not use the site.

"We", "us" and "the site" refer to the operator of Income Investing. "You" refers to anyone accessing the site.

What this site is, and is not

This site publishes research and reference material about ways of generating income. It provides no investment advice, no financial planning, no brokerage, no custody, no lending, no insurance, no tax preparation and no legal services, and it manages no money for anyone.

Nothing on the site is a recommendation, an offer, or a solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security or interest. Using the site creates no advisory, fiduciary, brokerage or attorney-client relationship. The full position is set out in the Disclaimers, which form part of these Terms.

The basis on which this site is published

In plain terms: this site is a publication, in the way a financial magazine is a publication. It is allowed to explain how investments work without being licensed, precisely because it never learns anything about you and so cannot tell you what to do. Reading it is how you accept the terms on this page — there is nothing to sign.

Two things are worth stating in the agreement itself rather than leaving to be inferred: what publishing a site like this one rests on, and what using it commits you to.

Income Investing publishes this site as a bona fide financial publication of regular and general circulation. What it publishes is general and impersonal: it is offered to every reader on the same terms, it is not directed at, adapted to, or issued on the basis of any individual reader's circumstances, and no reader's circumstances are known to it. On that basis this site is published in reliance on the exclusion from the definition of an investment adviser available to publishers under Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and Income Investing is not registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission or with any state, is not supervised by any securities, banking or insurance regulator, and holds no licence to give personal advice.

That exclusion is what allows general financial writing to be published without a licence, and it is also the reason for the shape of everything here. A page cannot be tailored to you without stepping outside it, so no page is: there is no account, no questionnaire, no profile and no way for the site to learn anything about your situation, and every reader of a page sees the identical page. It follows that nothing here can take account of what you own, what you owe, what you are taxed at or what you are trying to do — which is a limitation of the format, not a disclaimer bolted onto it.

Income Investing is not a registered investment adviser, is not a broker-dealer, and is not a tax adviser or a legal adviser. Nothing published on this site is investment, tax, accounting or legal advice, nothing on it is tailored to the objectives, financial situation or needs of any individual, and no advisory, fiduciary, brokerage or attorney-client relationship arises from reading it or from corresponding with us.

By visiting or using this site you agree to its Terms of Use and its Privacy Policy. If you do not agree to them, do not use the site.

That agreement is the whole of what using the site commits you to. There is nothing to sign, no account to create, no fee, and nothing you are agreeing to buy. If a term here does not suit you, the remedy is simply to close the page — and the Privacy Policy explains how little is left behind when you do.

Eligibility

The site is intended for adults, and content assumes United States tax and regulatory framing. By using it you confirm you are at least 18 years old and legally able to enter into this agreement.

Licence to use the site

You are granted a limited, personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, revocable licence to access the site and to view and print its pages for your own personal, non-commercial research.

You may quote short extracts with attribution and a link back to the page quoted. Any other reproduction, redistribution, republication, framing or commercial use requires our written permission.

Intellectual property and third-party data

The text, structure, design, code, taxonomy, calculators and derived metrics on this site are our property or are used under licence, and are protected by copyright and other laws. Trademarks, company names and ticker symbols belong to their respective owners and are used for identification only; their use here implies no affiliation or endorsement in either direction.

Market and rate data displayed on the site is obtained from third-party providers named on Data Sources and remains the property of those providers or their licensors. It is made available for your personal viewing on this site only. You may not extract, copy, store, redistribute or resell that data in bulk, whether or not it has been reformatted, and no licence to it is granted by these Terms.

Acceptable use

You agree not to:

scrape, crawl, harvest or systematically extract content or data from the site, or use any robot, spider or automated means to do so at a rate or volume that burdens the service;
reproduce or redistribute the site's tables, data sets or written pages in bulk, or use them to build or train a competing product, data set or database;
circumvent, disable or interfere with any rate limit, security feature or access restriction, or attempt to gain unauthorised access to any part of the site or its infrastructure;
interfere with the operation of the site, including by overloading it, injecting code, or probing it for vulnerabilities without permission;
remove, obscure or alter any attribution, disclosure, sponsorship label or disclaimer;
present the site's content as personal advice, as your own work, or as endorsed by us, or use it in any material offering investments to others;
submit false, misleading or unlawful information through any form, or submit an email address that is not yours;
use the site for any unlawful purpose or in breach of any applicable law or regulation.

Reasonable, well-behaved crawling by search and answer engines that respects the robots file is permitted and welcome.

Anything you send us

If you submit an email address, a contact message, a correction or a suggestion, you confirm that you are entitled to do so and that the content is not unlawful, defamatory or infringing.

We may use a correction or suggestion to improve the site without obligation to you and without compensation, and we will not publish your personal details in doing so. Handling of what you send is described in the Privacy Policy. Do not send confidential, sensitive or account information through the contact form.

Third-party links and advertising

The site links to third-party websites and displays advertising served by third-party networks. We do not control and are not responsible for third-party content, products, services, privacy practices or availability, and no link is an endorsement.

Some outbound links are affiliate links, marked "Sponsored", on which we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Any dealing you have with a third party is solely between you and that party.

Availability and no warranty

The site is provided "as is" and "as available". We may change, suspend, restrict or discontinue any part of it at any time, without notice, including its data, pages and features.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, we disclaim all warranties, express or implied, including any warranty of accuracy, completeness, timeliness, availability, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. We do not warrant that the site will be uninterrupted, error-free, secure, or free of harmful components, or that any figure shown is correct or current.

Limitation of liability

In plain terms: if you lose money after reading something here, the loss is yours and you cannot recover it from us. That is the trade every free publication makes, and it is the reason this site should never be the only thing you read before committing money to anything.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, Income Investing, together with its partners, officers, employees, affiliates and agents, accepts no liability for any loss or damage of any kind arising out of access to, use of, or reliance on this site or on any figure, calculation, table, ranking or written material published on it. This exclusion covers direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential, exemplary and punitive loss, and loss of profit, income, savings, investment value, data, goodwill or opportunity, whether the claim arises in contract, tort, statute or otherwise, and applies whether or not the possibility of such loss was known. Nothing in it excludes or limits any liability that cannot lawfully be excluded or limited.

In plainer language: this site publishes research, and acting on research is the reader's own decision. Every figure here is stated with its source and its observation date so it can be checked at that source, and checking it is the reader's part of the arrangement. A free publication that carried the financial consequences of every decision taken after reading it could not be published at all.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, we and our operators, contributors and suppliers will not be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, exemplary or punitive damages, or for any loss of profits, income, savings, investment value, data, goodwill or business opportunity, arising out of or in connection with your use of, or inability to use, the site or anything obtained through it — whether the claim is in contract, tort, statute or otherwise, and even if we have been advised that such damages were possible.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, our total aggregate liability for all claims relating to the site is limited to one hundred United States dollars (US$100).

Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of certain warranties or the limitation of certain damages, so some of the above may not apply to you. Nothing in these Terms excludes liability that cannot lawfully be excluded.

Indemnity

You agree to indemnify and hold harmless the site, its operator and its contributors from any claim, loss, liability, cost or expense (including reasonable legal fees) arising out of your use of the site, your breach of these Terms, or your violation of any law or of any third party's rights.

Suspension and termination

We may restrict or terminate access to the site, in whole or in part, at any time and without notice, in particular where use breaches these Terms or threatens the availability of the service for others. Provisions that by their nature should survive termination — intellectual property, disclaimers, limitation of liability, indemnity and governing law — survive it.

Governing law and venue

These Terms and any dispute arising out of them or out of use of the site are governed by the laws of the state in which the site's operator is established, without regard to its conflict-of-laws rules, and the courts of that state are the exclusive venue for any dispute.

The site is operated from the United States and is directed to United States readers. Anyone accessing it from elsewhere does so on their own initiative and is responsible for compliance with local law.

Disputes

Before starting any formal proceeding, you agree to contact us through the contact page and attempt to resolve the matter informally for at least thirty days. Most complaints about a website are, in the end, complaints about a sentence or a number, and those are faster to fix than to litigate.

General

If any provision of these Terms is found unenforceable, the rest remains in force and the unenforceable provision is limited to the minimum extent necessary. Our failure to enforce a provision is not a waiver of it. You may not assign your rights under these Terms; we may assign ours in connection with a transfer of the site. These Terms, together with the Privacy Policy and the Disclaimers, are the entire agreement between you and us about the site.

Changes to these terms

We may revise these Terms. The current version is always on this page with its review date at the top, and continued use of the site after a revision means you accept it. Material changes will be described rather than made quietly.

Contact

Questions about these Terms can be sent through the contact page.